Editorial

Image credits

Three kinds of picture, always labelled. Family photographs are the four the 2011 edition marked for publication. Archival images are used only where the public-domain or free-licence statement was checked on the source page. Illustrations were drawn for this edition.

Family photographs

Baba and Gido Hryhorczuk as I remember them.

Family photograph

File: 01-baba-and-gido.png
Credit: Family photograph, from the 2011 edition compiled by Rene Nicholas Bilodeau
Placed: 00-introduction.md

A much later picture of Nicholas and Anastasia.

Family photograph

File: 02-nicholas-and-anastasia-later.png
Credit: Family photograph, from the 2011 edition compiled by Rene Nicholas Bilodeau
Placed: 15-my-present.md

A photo taken at a later time with all the children. From left to right: Ross, William, Michael, "Gido", "Baba", Rose, Nadia, Violet.

Family photograph

File: 03-family-with-all-children.png
Credit: Family photograph, from the 2011 edition compiled by Rene Nicholas Bilodeau
Placed: 21-spreading-ukrainian-culture.md

Anastasia and Nicholas Hryhorczuk and sister Mary Dzaman in backyard of home in Ethelbert.

Family photograph

File: 04-anastasia-nicholas-mary-dzaman-ethelbert.png
Credit: Family photograph, from the 2011 edition compiled by Rene Nicholas Bilodeau
Placed: 21-spreading-ukrainian-culture.md

Archival images

Market square in Kolomyia

The market square in Kolomyia — the memoir’s Kolomaya — between 1900 and 1904. Nicholas remembered passing through the town on the way to the train. Archival photograph, not the Hryhorczuk family.

Kind: Archival photograph
Creator: Unknown
Date: between 1900 and 1904
Licence: Public domain. Wikimedia Commons tag: PD-old-70-expired.
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kolomyja,_Rynek.jpg

Kolomyia, from a guidebook of about 1892

Kolomyia about 1892, from a guidebook published in Vienna by Steyermühl. The memoir spells the county town Kolomaya. This is a period printed view, not a photograph of the family.

Kind: Archival image
Creator: Adolf Władysław Inlender
Date: about 1892
Licence: Public domain. Published by Steyermühl, Vienna; Wikimedia Commons tag PD-old-auto-expired (author died 1920).
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kolomyia_1892.jpg

Emigrants boarding a steamer at Hamburg

Emigrants boarding a steamer at Hamburg, a nineteenth-century engraving. The memoir remembers a stop there for a bun and coffee. This picture is not their ship, and the print’s own caption sends the crowd toward New York.

Kind: Archival image
Creator: Unknown
Date: 19th century
Licence: Public domain. Wikimedia Commons tag: PD-Art (a reproduction of a two-dimensional work already in the public domain). The Commons description places the print with the Lower East Side Tenement Museum.
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:GermanEmigrantsBoardingAShipInHamburg.jpg

Galician immigrants, Quebec

Galician immigrants in Quebec, about 1911, photographed by William James Topley. The Hryhorczuks had landed at Halifax in 1896; these are other people from the same part of Europe, fifteen years later. Library and Archives Canada, MIKAN 3193424. CC BY 2.0.

Kind: Archival photograph
Creator: William James Topley (1845–1930)
Date: about 1911
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0. Licence verified on the Wikimedia Commons file page (tag cc-by-2.0), from the Library and Archives Canada Flickr stream.
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Galician_immigrants,_Qu%C3%A9bec,_ca._1911_Immigrants_galiciens,_Qu%C3%A9bec,_vers_1911_(3530991585).jpg

Examination hall, Pier 21, Halifax

Editorial context, not the 1896 landing. New arrivals in the examination hall at Pier 21, Halifax, in May 1952, photographed by Chris Lund for the National Film Board. Pier 21 opened in 1928, long after the family passed through Halifax. Library and Archives Canada, PA-111579.

Kind: Archival photograph
Creator: Chris Lund / National Film Board of Canada
Date: May 1952
Licence: Public domain. Wikimedia Commons tag: PD-Canada-Crown (Crown copyright expired). Library and Archives Canada PA-111579, MIKAN 3366045.
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Examining_new_arrivals_in_Immigration_Examination_Hall,_Pier_21.jpg

Houses of Galician settlers in Canada

Houses of Galician settlers in Canada, about 1900–1911: log walls and thatched roofs. The same kind of first house as the bark-roofed hut by Drifting River, and not that hut. Agnes Deans Cameron, CC BY-SA 4.0.

Kind: Archival photograph
Creator: Agnes Deans Cameron. Source institution on the file page: Canadian Museum of History. The lantern slide is also labelled “Topley Studio, Ottawa” and “Galician Settlers.”
Date: about 1900–1911
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0. Licence verified on the Wikimedia Commons file page (tag cc-by-sa-4.0).
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Houses_of_Galician_settlers_in_Canada_(S2004-1030_LS).jpg

Interior of a Ruthenian home, Alberta

Interior of a Ruthenian home in Alberta, 1911, photographed by Miriam Elstor. Another household, not the Hryhorczuk hut. The mount is lettered with that title.

Kind: Archival photograph
Creator: Miriam Elstor
Date: 1911
Licence: Public domain. Wikimedia Commons tags: PD-Canada-photo and PD-1923. British Library digital id HS85-10-23666.
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Interior_of_Ruthenian_home,_Alberta_(HS85-10-23666).jpg

Ukrainian-style thatched house, Smoky Lake, Alberta

A Ukrainian-style thatched house at Smoky Lake, Alberta, 1922. Provincial Archives of Alberta, G43. Not the log-and-sod house at Drifting River, and not in Manitoba. No known copyright restrictions.

Kind: Archival photograph
Creator: Provincial Archives of Alberta, G43
Date: 1922
Licence: No known copyright restrictions. Statement verified on the Wikimedia Commons file page (Flickr-no known copyright restrictions; FlickreviewR passed), from the Provincial Archives of Alberta Flickr Commons stream.
Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/alberta_archives/41449198695/

Ukrainian homestead, Athabasca, Alberta

Children at a Ukrainian homestead, Athabasca, Alberta, 1920, in front of a thatched house. Provincial Archives of Alberta, A10015. Archival photograph, not the Hryhorczuk family. No known copyright restrictions.

Kind: Archival photograph
Creator: Provincial Archives of Alberta, A10015
Date: 1920
Licence: No known copyright restrictions. Statement verified on the Wikimedia Commons file page (Flickr-no known copyright restrictions; FlickreviewR passed), from the Provincial Archives of Alberta Flickr Commons stream.
Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/alberta_archives/39952724235/

Saskatchewan sod house

A sod house in Saskatchewan, 1910s. The memoir’s second house was logs with a sod roof, in Manitoba, not a sod house of this kind, and not this household.

Kind: Archival photograph
Creator: Picture sent by Mrs. Ed Brusseau, Osnabrock, North Dakota
Date: 1910s
Licence: Public domain. Wikimedia Commons tag: PD-USGov-Congress. The file page traces it to a U.S. Library of Congress American Memory scan.
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Saskatchewan_sod_house.jpg

Threshing by steam in a prairie wheat-field

“Threshing by steam in a prairie wheat-field,” an engraving published in 1891. The memoir’s outfit was a later one: a portable steamer, a wooden 22-inch separator, and oxen on bush trails. This is not that machine.

Kind: Archival image
Creator: Unknown engraver; British Library Mechanical Curator collection
Date: 1891
Licence: Public domain. Wikimedia Commons tag: PD-old-70-1923. British Library Flickr: https://www.flickr.com/photos/britishlibrary/11122446024
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:US(1891)_p016_THRESHING_BY_STEAM_IN_A_PRAIRIE_WHEAT-FIELD.jpg

Ploughing with oxen, Nova Scotia

Ploughing with oxen, Nova Scotia, 1881, by George H. Harvey. The memoir’s oxen were at Drifting River, Manitoba. Library and Archives Canada. CC BY 2.0.

Kind: Archival image
Creator: George H. Harvey
Date: 1881
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0. Licence verified on the Wikimedia Commons file page (tag cc-by-2.0), from the Library and Archives Canada Flickr stream.
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ploughing_with_Oxen.jpg

Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, Eaton’s store

Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, looking east past the Eaton’s store, about 1920. Albertype Company. Nicholas bought the Ford on this avenue in 1914; the street in the photograph is a few years later.

Kind: Archival photograph
Creator: Albertype Company
Date: about 1920
Licence: Public domain. Wikimedia Commons permission line: copyright expired; tags PD-Canada and PD-1923.
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eaton%27sWinnipegEarlyShot.jpg

The Manitoba Legislative Building, called “The Capitol”

The Manitoba Legislative Building, Winnipeg, in a 1922 photograph by Peter McAdam titled “The Capitol.” Nicholas sat in this building as MLA for Ethelbert. British Library, HS85-10-40693.

Kind: Archival photograph
Creator: Peter McAdam
Date: 1922
Licence: Public domain. Wikimedia Commons tags: PD-Canada-photo and PD-1923. British Library digital id HS85-10-40693.
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Capitol,_Winnipeg_(HS85-10-40693).jpg

John Bracken

John Bracken, about 1941. The memoir names him as Premier when the Independent Farmers were called to form the government in 1922, and as one of the two leaders under whom Nicholas served.

Kind: Archival photograph
Creator: Unknown photographer
Date: about 1941
Licence: Public domain in Canada. Wikimedia Commons tag: PD-Canada. The file page describes him as Premier of Manitoba and dates the portrait about 1941.
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Bracken_circa_1941.jpg

Ukrainian dramatic society, 1914

A Ukrainian dramatic society in 1914. Wikimedia Commons identifies the photograph as a company in Winnipeg. The placard names a drama society; it is not the Venlaw or Ethelbert cast, who hung blankets for walls.

Kind: Archival photograph
Creator: Unknown. The Commons source note cites the book Культура і побут населення України (Kyiv: Lybid, 1991) for this 1914 photograph.
Date: 1914
Licence: Public domain in Canada. Wikimedia Commons tag: PD-Canada (author unknown).
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Drama_Union_Vinnipeg_Canada_1914.jpg

Illustrations

Scenes, spots, chapter icons, and the journey map were made for this edition in 2026. They are not photographs and not portraits of the family. The source files are the JPEGs in illustrations/raw/, named from illustrations/manifest.json.

scene Illustration: the first hut by the river, drawn for this edition. Not a photograph and not a portrait. scene-cover-1
icon Illustration: the typed memoir. icon-00-introduction
scene Illustration: the autobiography as a typed manuscript, the subject of the 2011 introduction. No portrait. scene-00-introduction-1
icon Illustration: a bundle for the journey. icon-01-from-hut-to-legislature
scene Illustration: neighbours walking the family to the train at Easter, 1896. The figures are not likenesses. scene-01-from-hut-to-legislature-1
scene Illustration: the stop in Hamburg for a bun and coffee. Not a portrait. scene-01-from-hut-to-legislature-2
icon Illustration: bark for the first roof. icon-02-canada-at-last
scene Illustration: the last two miles on foot to the homestead, 1896. Not a portrait of the family. scene-02-canada-at-last-1
scene Illustration: the bark-roofed hut by Drifting River, with no windows or doors. scene-02-canada-at-last-2
icon Illustration: the railroad work at Sifton. icon-03-father-off-to-work
scene Illustration: father walking to railroad work at Sifton. Not a likeness. scene-03-father-off-to-work-1
icon Illustration: a firefly. icon-04-life-in-the-wilderness
scene Illustration: fireflies over the hut on dark nights. scene-04-life-in-the-wilderness-1
scene Illustration: the leaking bark roof at night. scene-04-life-in-the-wilderness-2
icon Illustration: the two windows brought home from the railroad work. icon-05-a-new-house
scene Illustration: the second house, logs and a sod roof. Not the family's own house photographed. scene-05-a-new-house-1
spot Illustration: the set of hinges for the new door. spot-05-a-new-house-hinges
icon Illustration: the potato crop. icon-06-our-farm-grows
scene Illustration: the first breaking, and the calves that became the oxen. scene-06-our-farm-grows-1
icon Illustration: the barefoot walk to school. icon-07-going-to-school
scene Illustration: the trail to Drifting River school. Not a likeness. scene-07-going-to-school-1
icon Illustration: the school that began in a house. icon-08-our-own-school
scene Illustration: school in Mr. Slyziuk’s house, the furniture carried outside each day. scene-08-our-own-school-1
icon Illustration: bread for the walk to Dauphin. icon-09-goodies-from-dauphin
scene Illustration: the thirty-two-mile walk to Dauphin for matches or sugar. Not a likeness. scene-09-goodies-from-dauphin-1
scene Illustration: the shack where customers slept in Dauphin, counted once at fifteen men. scene-09-goodies-from-dauphin-2
spot Illustration: matches, one of the small purchases carried home from Dauphin. spot-09-goodies-from-dauphin-matches
spot Illustration: sugar from Dauphin. spot-09-goodies-from-dauphin-sugar
spot Illustration: the bread packed for the walk to Dauphin and back. spot-09-goodies-from-dauphin-loaf
spot Illustration: the dollar bill for the trip to Dauphin. spot-09-goodies-from-dauphin-dollar
icon Illustration: the axe the settlers used on the school logs. icon-10-kolomaya-school
scene Illustration: building Kolomaya School, the log house with a shingle roof. scene-10-kolomaya-school-1
spot Illustration: an axe like those used to hew the school logs. spot-10-kolomaya-school-axe
icon Illustration: the ox yoke. icon-11-my-ox
scene Illustration: the ride across Drifting River on the ox. Not a likeness. scene-11-my-ox-1
scene Illustration: the ox leaving its rider between two trees. Not a likeness. scene-11-my-ox-2
spot Illustration: an ox yoke of the kind used on the homestead. spot-11-my-ox-yoke
spot Illustration: the switch used to guide the ox. spot-11-my-ox-switch
icon Illustration: the violin at the school dance. icon-12-community-centre
scene Illustration: the thirty-cent orchestra, violin and dulcimer, at Kolomaya School. scene-12-community-centre-1
scene Illustration: the walk to fetch the violin and dulcimer players. Not likenesses. scene-12-community-centre-2
spot Illustration: the dulcimer played by the son at the school dance. spot-12-community-centre-dulcimer
spot Illustration: the violin played at the school dance. spot-12-community-centre-violin
icon Illustration: a single piece of paper money. icon-13-my-first-earnings
scene Illustration: a month's farm wages, a five-dollar bill that could not be changed. Not a likeness. scene-13-my-first-earnings-1
spot Illustration: the five-dollar bill, the whole month's pay in one piece. spot-13-my-first-earnings-five-dollars
icon Illustration: the Seech ribbons. icon-14-youth-club
scene Illustration: the Seech youth club parading with yellow and blue ribbons, 1906. scene-14-youth-club-1
spot Illustration: the yellow and blue ribbons of the Seech organization. spot-14-youth-club-ribbons
icon Illustration: the harrows bought with a child's wages. icon-15-my-present
scene Illustration: a farm where a child went into service, and the harrows her wages bought. No portrait. scene-15-my-present-1
spot Illustration: the harrows bought with the wages from Ethelbert. spot-15-my-present-harrow
icon Illustration: the hunting gun. icon-16-an-unfortunate-accident
scene Illustration: the moment the gun slipped, winter 1903. No wound is shown, and the figures are not likenesses. scene-16-an-unfortunate-accident-1
icon Illustration: the winter drive to the wedding. icon-17-wedding
scene Illustration: the drive to Gilbert Plains for the wedding on 22 February 1905. Not likenesses. scene-17-wedding-1
scene Illustration: the two-day wedding dance and its three-piece orchestra. scene-17-wedding-2
spot Illustration: the drum in the wedding orchestra. spot-17-wedding-drum
icon Illustration: the stage built in the schoolhouse. icon-18-community-work
scene Illustration: a play in the very small schoolhouse, after the stage was built. scene-18-community-work-1
icon Illustration: the church of 1907. icon-19-religious-life-of-the-community
scene Illustration: the small church of 1907, before there was a resident priest. scene-19-religious-life-of-the-community-1
icon Illustration: the threshing steamer. icon-20-independent-farmer
scene Illustration: the outfit bought in 1908, a portable steamer and a wooden separator. Not a self-propelled tractor. scene-20-independent-farmer-1
scene Illustration: moving the threshing outfit by oxen through winter snow. scene-20-independent-farmer-2
spot Illustration: the two-furrow plow bought for sixty dollars. spot-20-independent-farmer-plow
spot Illustration: a binder delivered in its original boxes, to be set up on the farm. spot-20-independent-farmer-binder-boxes
icon Illustration: blankets used as stage walls. icon-21-spreading-ukrainian-culture
scene Illustration: the cold wagon trip from Venlaw to Ethelbert to stage a play, 1911. scene-21-spreading-ukrainian-culture-1
scene Illustration: the Ethelbert play, coloured blankets hung for walls. scene-21-spreading-ukrainian-culture-2
spot Illustration: the bed carried from home to the stage and never seen again. spot-21-spreading-ukrainian-culture-bedstead
icon Illustration: milk for a household in need. icon-22-ladies-aid-society
scene Illustration: the Ladies' Aid bringing a cow so children would have milk. No portraits. scene-22-ladies-aid-society-1
icon Illustration: the Ford crank. icon-23-first-ford
scene Illustration: the 1914 Ford being cranked on Portage Avenue. Not a likeness. scene-23-first-ford-1
scene Illustration: the Ford scaring the cattle in the yard. scene-23-first-ford-2
scene Illustration: the Ethelbert garage on blocks, shaking, with nobody able to stop the car. scene-23-first-ford-3
spot Illustration: the crank of the Ford bought on Portage Avenue for $275. spot-23-first-ford-crank
spot Illustration: the pail carried to find water for the boiling radiator. spot-23-first-ford-pail
icon Illustration: the Manitoba Legislative Building. icon-24-my-entrance-into-politics
scene Illustration: an outdoor service interrupted. Figures are generic and distant, not portraits. scene-24-my-entrance-into-politics-1
scene Illustration: the legislature where he sat from 1920 to 1945. Not a portrait. scene-24-my-entrance-into-politics-2
spot Illustration: tamarack cordwood, the fuel in the story of the policeman's vouchers. spot-24-my-entrance-into-politics-tamarack
map Illustration: the journey, drawn as a story-map without lettering. Place names and dates are added in the page, not in the picture. map-journey

Not published

The 2011 scan also contains a modern photograph of the Manitoba Legislative Building by Dennis Webster, and a screenshot of an online map. Their rights were not established for this edition, so they are omitted. A public-domain photograph of the building and a map drawn for this edition stand in their places.