Editorial

Image credits

Three kinds of picture, always labelled. Family photographs are the four the 2011 edition marked for publication. Archival images are used only where the public-domain or free-licence statement was checked on the source page. Illustrations were drawn for this edition.

Family photographs

Baba and Gido Hryhorczuk as I remember them.

Family photograph

File: 01-baba-and-gido.png
Credit: Family photograph, from the 2011 edition compiled by Rene Nicholas Bilodeau
Placed: 00-introduction.md

A much later picture of Nicholas and Anastasia.

Family photograph

File: 02-nicholas-and-anastasia-later.png
Credit: Family photograph, from the 2011 edition compiled by Rene Nicholas Bilodeau
Placed: 15-my-present.md

A photo taken at a later time with all the children. From left to right: Ross, William, Michael, "Gido", "Baba", Rose, Nadia, Violet.

Family photograph

File: 03-family-with-all-children.png
Credit: Family photograph, from the 2011 edition compiled by Rene Nicholas Bilodeau
Placed: 21-spreading-ukrainian-culture.md

Anastasia and Nicholas Hryhorczuk and sister Mary Dzaman in backyard of home in Ethelbert.

Family photograph

File: 04-anastasia-nicholas-mary-dzaman-ethelbert.png
Credit: Family photograph, from the 2011 edition compiled by Rene Nicholas Bilodeau
Placed: 21-spreading-ukrainian-culture.md

Archival images

Market square in Kolomyia

The market square in Kolomyia — the memoir’s Kolomaya — between 1900 and 1904. Nicholas remembered passing through the town on the way to the train. Archival photograph, not the Hryhorczuk family.

Kind: Archival photograph
Creator: Unknown
Date: between 1900 and 1904
Licence: Public domain. Wikimedia Commons tag: PD-old-70-expired.
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kolomyja,_Rynek.jpg

Kolomyia, from a guidebook of about 1892

Kolomyia about 1892, from a guidebook published in Vienna by Steyermühl. The memoir spells the county town Kolomaya. This is a period printed view, not a photograph of the family.

Kind: Archival image
Creator: Adolf Władysław Inlender
Date: about 1892
Licence: Public domain. Published by Steyermühl, Vienna; Wikimedia Commons tag PD-old-auto-expired (author died 1920).
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kolomyia_1892.jpg

Emigrants boarding a steamer at Hamburg

Emigrants boarding a steamer at Hamburg, a nineteenth-century engraving. The memoir remembers a stop there for a bun and coffee. This picture is not their ship, and the print’s own caption sends the crowd toward New York.

Kind: Archival image
Creator: Unknown
Date: 19th century
Licence: Public domain. Wikimedia Commons tag: PD-Art (a reproduction of a two-dimensional work already in the public domain). The Commons description places the print with the Lower East Side Tenement Museum.
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:GermanEmigrantsBoardingAShipInHamburg.jpg

Galician immigrants, Quebec

Galician immigrants in Quebec, about 1911, photographed by William James Topley. The Hryhorczuks had landed at Halifax in 1896; these are other people from the same part of Europe, fifteen years later. Library and Archives Canada, MIKAN 3193424. CC BY 2.0.

Kind: Archival photograph
Creator: William James Topley (1845–1930)
Date: about 1911
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0. Licence verified on the Wikimedia Commons file page (tag cc-by-2.0), from the Library and Archives Canada Flickr stream.
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Galician_immigrants,_Qu%C3%A9bec,_ca._1911_Immigrants_galiciens,_Qu%C3%A9bec,_vers_1911_(3530991585).jpg

Examination hall, Pier 21, Halifax

Editorial context, not the 1896 landing. New arrivals in the examination hall at Pier 21, Halifax, in May 1952, photographed by Chris Lund for the National Film Board. Pier 21 opened in 1928, long after the family passed through Halifax. Library and Archives Canada, PA-111579.

Kind: Archival photograph
Creator: Chris Lund / National Film Board of Canada
Date: May 1952
Licence: Public domain. Wikimedia Commons tag: PD-Canada-Crown (Crown copyright expired). Library and Archives Canada PA-111579, MIKAN 3366045.
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Examining_new_arrivals_in_Immigration_Examination_Hall,_Pier_21.jpg

Houses of Galician settlers in Canada

Houses of Galician settlers in Canada, about 1900–1911: log walls and thatched roofs. The same kind of first house as the bark-roofed hut by Drifting River, and not that hut. Agnes Deans Cameron, CC BY-SA 4.0.

Kind: Archival photograph
Creator: Agnes Deans Cameron. Source institution on the file page: Canadian Museum of History. The lantern slide is also labelled “Topley Studio, Ottawa” and “Galician Settlers.”
Date: about 1900–1911
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0. Licence verified on the Wikimedia Commons file page (tag cc-by-sa-4.0).
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Houses_of_Galician_settlers_in_Canada_(S2004-1030_LS).jpg

Interior of a Ruthenian home, Alberta

Interior of a Ruthenian home in Alberta, 1911, photographed by Miriam Elstor. Another household, not the Hryhorczuk hut. The mount is lettered with that title.

Kind: Archival photograph
Creator: Miriam Elstor
Date: 1911
Licence: Public domain. Wikimedia Commons tags: PD-Canada-photo and PD-1923. British Library digital id HS85-10-23666.
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Interior_of_Ruthenian_home,_Alberta_(HS85-10-23666).jpg

Ukrainian-style thatched house, Smoky Lake, Alberta

A Ukrainian-style thatched house at Smoky Lake, Alberta, 1922. Provincial Archives of Alberta, G43. Not the log-and-sod house at Drifting River, and not in Manitoba. No known copyright restrictions.

Kind: Archival photograph
Creator: Provincial Archives of Alberta, G43
Date: 1922
Licence: No known copyright restrictions. Statement verified on the Wikimedia Commons file page (Flickr-no known copyright restrictions; FlickreviewR passed), from the Provincial Archives of Alberta Flickr Commons stream.
Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/alberta_archives/41449198695/

Ukrainian homestead, Athabasca, Alberta

Children at a Ukrainian homestead, Athabasca, Alberta, 1920, in front of a thatched house. Provincial Archives of Alberta, A10015. Archival photograph, not the Hryhorczuk family. No known copyright restrictions.

Kind: Archival photograph
Creator: Provincial Archives of Alberta, A10015
Date: 1920
Licence: No known copyright restrictions. Statement verified on the Wikimedia Commons file page (Flickr-no known copyright restrictions; FlickreviewR passed), from the Provincial Archives of Alberta Flickr Commons stream.
Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/alberta_archives/39952724235/

Saskatchewan sod house

A sod house in Saskatchewan, 1910s. The memoir’s second house was logs with a sod roof, in Manitoba, not a sod house of this kind, and not this household.

Kind: Archival photograph
Creator: Picture sent by Mrs. Ed Brusseau, Osnabrock, North Dakota
Date: 1910s
Licence: Public domain. Wikimedia Commons tag: PD-USGov-Congress. The file page traces it to a U.S. Library of Congress American Memory scan.
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Saskatchewan_sod_house.jpg

Threshing by steam in a prairie wheat-field

“Threshing by steam in a prairie wheat-field,” an engraving published in 1891. The memoir’s outfit was a later one: a portable steamer, a wooden 22-inch separator, and oxen on bush trails. This is not that machine.

Kind: Archival image
Creator: Unknown engraver; British Library Mechanical Curator collection
Date: 1891
Licence: Public domain. Wikimedia Commons tag: PD-old-70-1923. British Library Flickr: https://www.flickr.com/photos/britishlibrary/11122446024
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:US(1891)_p016_THRESHING_BY_STEAM_IN_A_PRAIRIE_WHEAT-FIELD.jpg

Ploughing with oxen, Nova Scotia

Ploughing with oxen, Nova Scotia, 1881, by George H. Harvey. The memoir’s oxen were at Drifting River, Manitoba. Library and Archives Canada. CC BY 2.0.

Kind: Archival image
Creator: George H. Harvey
Date: 1881
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 2.0. Licence verified on the Wikimedia Commons file page (tag cc-by-2.0), from the Library and Archives Canada Flickr stream.
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ploughing_with_Oxen.jpg

Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, Eaton’s store

Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, looking east past the Eaton’s store, about 1920. Albertype Company. Nicholas bought the Ford on this avenue in 1914; the street in the photograph is a few years later.

Kind: Archival photograph
Creator: Albertype Company
Date: about 1920
Licence: Public domain. Wikimedia Commons permission line: copyright expired; tags PD-Canada and PD-1923.
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eaton%27sWinnipegEarlyShot.jpg

The Manitoba Legislative Building, called “The Capitol”

The Manitoba Legislative Building, Winnipeg, in a 1922 photograph by Peter McAdam titled “The Capitol.” Nicholas sat in this building as MLA for Ethelbert. British Library, HS85-10-40693.

Kind: Archival photograph
Creator: Peter McAdam
Date: 1922
Licence: Public domain. Wikimedia Commons tags: PD-Canada-photo and PD-1923. British Library digital id HS85-10-40693.
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Capitol,_Winnipeg_(HS85-10-40693).jpg

John Bracken

John Bracken, about 1941. The memoir names him as Premier when the Independent Farmers were called to form the government in 1922, and as one of the two leaders under whom Nicholas served.

Kind: Archival photograph
Creator: Unknown photographer
Date: about 1941
Licence: Public domain in Canada. Wikimedia Commons tag: PD-Canada. The file page describes him as Premier of Manitoba and dates the portrait about 1941.
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Bracken_circa_1941.jpg

Ukrainian dramatic society, 1914

A Ukrainian dramatic society in 1914. Wikimedia Commons identifies the photograph as a company in Winnipeg. The placard names a drama society; it is not the Venlaw or Ethelbert cast, who hung blankets for walls.

Kind: Archival photograph
Creator: Unknown. The Commons source note cites the book Культура і побут населення України (Kyiv: Lybid, 1991) for this 1914 photograph.
Date: 1914
Licence: Public domain in Canada. Wikimedia Commons tag: PD-Canada (author unknown).
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Drama_Union_Vinnipeg_Canada_1914.jpg

Illustrations

cover.svg

Illustration Illustration. A log hut by a river in the aspen parkland, drawn for this edition. It is not a photograph and not a portrait of anyone in the family.

Creator: Drawn for this edition
Date: 2026
Licence: Original illustration for this edition. Not a photograph, and not a portrait of a real person.

model-t-portage.svg

Illustration Illustration. A Model T being cranked on a street like Portage Avenue. Drawn for this edition. The figure is not a likeness of Nicholas.

Creator: Drawn for this edition
Date: 2026
Licence: Original illustration for this edition. Not a photograph, and not a portrait of a real person.

scared-cows.svg

Illustration Illustration. Cattle startled in a farmyard as the Ford drives in, the scene he tells at the end of “First Ford.” Drawn for this edition. Not a photograph.

Creator: Drawn for this edition
Date: 2026
Licence: Original illustration for this edition. Not a photograph, and not a portrait of a real person.

ox-river.svg

Illustration Illustration. The ride across Drifting River on the ox. Drawn for this edition. The rider is not a likeness of Nicholas.

Creator: Drawn for this edition
Date: 2026
Licence: Original illustration for this edition. Not a photograph, and not a portrait of a real person.

fireflies.svg

Illustration Illustration. Fireflies over the bark-roofed hut, from “Life in the Wilderness.” Drawn for this edition. Not a photograph.

Creator: Drawn for this edition
Date: 2026
Licence: Original illustration for this edition. Not a photograph, and not a portrait of a real person.

shaking-garage.svg

Illustration Illustration. The garage on blocks, shaking while the Ford ran and nobody knew how to stop it. Drawn for this edition. The figures are not portraits.

Creator: Drawn for this edition
Date: 2026
Licence: Original illustration for this edition. Not a photograph, and not a portrait of a real person.

blanket-play.svg

Illustration Illustration. The Ethelbert play, with coloured blankets for walls, from “Spreading Ukrainian Culture.” Drawn for this edition. The performers are not portraits.

Creator: Drawn for this edition
Date: 2026
Licence: Original illustration for this edition. Not a photograph, and not a portrait of a real person.

orchestra.svg

Illustration Illustration. The thirty-cent orchestra: violin and dulcimer, from “Community Centre.” Drawn for this edition. The musicians are not portraits.

Creator: Drawn for this edition
Date: 2026
Licence: Original illustration for this edition. Not a photograph, and not a portrait of a real person.

places.svg

Illustration Schematic map of the journey and the Manitoba places. Drawn for this edition.

Creator: Drawn for this edition
Date: 2026
Licence: Original illustration for this edition.

Not published

The 2011 scan also contains a modern photograph of the Manitoba Legislative Building by Dennis Webster, and a screenshot of an online map. Their rights were not established for this edition, so they are omitted. A public-domain photograph of the building and a map drawn for this edition stand in their places.